La ciudadanía estadounidense por derecho de nacimiento: La nueva orden de Trump y sus desafíos legales

Angelica Rice • January 23, 2025

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El 20 de enero de 2025, el presidente Donald Trump firmó una orden ejecutiva titulada «Proteger el significado y el valor de la ciudadanía estadounidense», cuyo objetivo es poner fin a la ciudadanía por derecho de nacimiento para determinados niños nacidos en Estados Unidos.  Esta orden se dirige específicamente a los niños nacidos de madres en situación ilegal o que se encuentran temporalmente en Estados Unidos con visados, como visados de estudiante, trabajo o turista, si el padre no es ciudadano estadounidense ni residente permanente legal. En virtud de esta nueva política, a estos niños ya no se les concederá automáticamente la ciudadanía estadounidense. La orden entrará en vigor 30 días después de su firma y sólo se aplicará a los nacimientos que se produzcan después de ese periodo, lo que significa que no afectará retroactivamente a los niños nacidos antes de la fecha de entrada en vigor.

Esta orden ejecutiva desafía la interpretación que se viene haciendo desde hace tiempo de la 14ª Enmienda de la Constitución de Estados Unidos, que garantiza la ciudadanía a todas las personas nacidas en suelo estadounidense.  La enmienda establece que «todas las personas nacidas o naturalizadas en Estados Unidos y sujetas a su jurisdicción son ciudadanos de Estados Unidos y del Estado en el que residan». Durante más de un siglo, se ha entendido que esta disposición concede la ciudadanía a la mayoría de las personas nacidas en Estados Unidos, independientemente de la situación migratoria de sus padres.

En respuesta a la orden ejecutiva, grupos de defensa de los derechos de los inmigrantes, entre ellos la Unión Estadounidense por las Libertades Civiles (ACLU por sus siglas en ingles), han presentado demandas que impugnan su constitucionalidad. Sostienen que la orden viola el claro mandato de la 14ª Enmienda y socava los valores fundamentales estadounidenses. Los expertos jurídicos prevén que esta cuestión será impugnada en los tribunales, con la posibilidad de que la orden sea bloqueada o anulada.



El 23 de enero de 2025, un juez federal de Seattle dictó una orden de restricción temporal (OTR), que bloquea la entrada en vigor de la orden ejecutiva durante los próximos 14 días. El tribunal citó posibles violaciones constitucionales y la necesidad de más información jurídica antes de proceder a su aplicación. Esta sentencia proporciona un alivio temporal a las familias afectadas y señala la probabilidad de una batalla legal prolongada. Están previstas nuevas vistas para determinar si la orden se bloquea permanentemente o se permite su aplicación.

Las familias afectadas por esta orden están cada vez más preocupadas por los posibles problemas a los que podrían enfrentarse sus hijos sin la ciudadanía estadounidense. El acceso a los servicios esenciales, la educación y las oportunidades de empleo podría ser más difícil para los afectados. Sin embargo, es importante mantener la esperanza, ya que el sistema legal proporciona controles y equilibrios para garantizar que cualquier acción ejecutiva se ajuste a los principios constitucionales. Históricamente, intentos similares de restringir la ciudadanía por derecho de nacimiento se han enfrentado a importantes desafíos legales y no han sido confirmados.

Si usted o alguien que usted conoce puede ser afectado por esta orden ejecutiva, mantenerse informado y entender sus derechos es crucial. En Santos Lloyd Law Firm, P.C., nuestros abogados de inmigración de confianza están disponibles para proporcionar orientación y apoyo durante este tiempo incierto, por favor póngase en contacto con nosotros si necesita ayuda.

Este blog no pretende ser una asesoría legal y nada aquí debe interpretarse como el establecimiento de una relación abogado-cliente. Programe una consulta con un abogado de inmigración antes de actuar sobre cualquier información que aquí lea.

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Angelica Rice


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