Petição para encerramento ou encerramento administrativo: qual a diferença?

Angelica Rice • September 22, 2022

Click here to read this article in English

      O sistema judiciário de imigração dos Estado Unidos está atualmente sobrecarregado com milhares de casos imigratórios que ainda precisam ser julgados. Para tentar lidar com esse volume de casos e processar os que estão atrasados, o Departamento de Segurança Interna dos Estados Unidos (DHS) e o sistema judiciário imigratório atenuaram suas regras nas petições de encerramento e no encerramento administrativo, fechando certos tipos de casos que não consideram ser casos relevantes para execução. E o quê isso significa? Qual a diferença entre a petição para encerramento e o encerramento administrativo? É algo que possa ser feito no seu caso? Continue lendo para descobrir.

Encerramento Administrativo



      Encerramento administrativo é um instrumento para administração dos processos judiciais, usado para temporariamente pausar os procedimentos de deportação, estabelecido de acordo com o caso Matter of W-Y-U, 27, Lei de Imigração e Naturalização (I&N) Dez 17,18 (BIA 2017). Encerrando administrativamente um caso, temporariamente o remove do calendário processual do Juiz e o coloca “em espera” até o advogado do DHS ou do respondente fazer o pedido para ser colocado novamente no calendário processual. Para ter seu caso encerrado administrativamente, o DHS precisa concordar com o pedido. 


    Juízes de imigração podem encerrar casos administrativamente por várias razões, uma das mais comuns é por serem de prioridade baixa ou “um caso não relevante para execução” e o DHS não deseja julgar o caso naquele momento. Outro motivo comum para o encerramento administrativo, é quando o respondente tem outro tipo de processo pendente com a imigração (USCIS) e a decisão desse processo afetaria o caso que está sendo julgado pelo juiz. Por exemplo, uma pessoa que tenha a petição I-130 pendente com a USCIS, mas ao mesmo tempo está com um processo judicial imigratório contra ele, o juiz pode concordar em fazer o encerramento administrativo desse processo para aguardar a decisão da imigração na petição I-130. Dessa forma, nenhuma audiência será agendada no processo até o DHS ou advogado do respondente colocar o caso novamente no calendário processual. Se a petição I-130 for aprovada, o respondente pode pedir para seu caso voltar ao calendário processual e pedir para que seu processo judicial imigratório seja dispensado. Quando seu caso for encerrado administrativamente, em certas circunstâncias, você tem como aplicar para uma autorização de trabalho.

Extinção do processo


    Se achar que seu caso não deveria estar no sistema judiciário de imigração, porque você já recebeu algum outro tipo de benefício imigratório ou porque o processo não foi feito de forma apropriada, ou mesmo por alguma outra razão, o respondente ou seu advogado pode fazer um pedido para que o caso seja extinto. 


    Extinção do processo judicial significa que você não tem mais um processo no sistema judiciário imigratório. De acordo com as regras do DHS e desse sistema judiciário(?), o DHS é encorajado a usar sua discrição para extinguir os processos que não são prioridade para execução. Não são prioridade se o requerido não for uma ameaça à segurança nacional, não tenha histórico criminal e tenha entrado nos Estados Unidos antes de novembro de 2020. Entretanto, se seu processo for extinto e você não tem outra forma de benefício imigratório ou não tem como aplicar para nenhum benefício com a USCIS, não terá como obter a autorização de trabalho e estará nos Estados Unidos sem status e sem nenhuma condição imigratória legal. Por esse motivo, os respondentes às vezes preferem não buscar a extinção do processo, continuando com o caso em andamento. 


Determinar se uma dessas opções é a certa para você pode ser complicado. Você precisa consultar um advogado de imigração, que determine se o encerramento administrativo ou o encerramento da petição será o melhor para você. 


Este blog não se destina a dar aconselhamento jurídico e nada aqui deve ser interpretado como estabelecimento de uma relação cliente-advogado. Por favor, agende uma consulta com um advogado de imigração, antes de agir baseado em qualquer informação lida neste blog.


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