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Tudo que um empreendedor precisa saber
Angelica Rice • May 4, 2022
Os vistos E-2 são um dos vistos de negócios mais populares para empreendedores que desejam iniciar um negócio nos Estados Unidos.
Eles são vantajosos porque não há cota para eles (desde que seja elegível para o visto, ele pode ser concedido a qualquer momento), podem ser renovados ou prorrogados por um número ilimitado de vezes, e o custo de investimento é muito menor do que o Visto EB-5, muito menos de $ 500.000. Por fim, o número de funcionários que a empresa deve apoiar para um visto E-2 é de cerca de 3-4, não um mínimo de 10 como o EB-5. A única desvantagem é que eles não são um caminho direto para um green card.
O visto E2 é ideal para você? Continue lendo para descobrir.
O que é um visto E-2?
O visto E-2 é um Visto de Comerciante e Investidor para os Estados Unidos. É uma categoria de visto de não-imigrante dos EUA e é emitida para investidores individuais ou empresas investidoras de países que possuem um tratado com os Estados Unidos. O investimento pode ser em qualquer setor ou negócio.
Meu país tem um tratado com os EUA?
Para ser elegível para um visto E-2, seu país de origem deve ter um tratado com os Estados Unidos que permita que você seja elegível para o visto. Uma lista completa dos países do tratado pode ser encontrada no site do Departamento de Estado, veja o link abaixo.
Quais são os requisitos de elegibilidade para um visto E-2?
Para ser elegível para um visto E-2, existem vários critérios que você deve atender, como:
- Se você é um investidor individual, deve ser nacional de um país que tenha um tratado de investimento com os EUA.
- Se o requerente for uma empresa, deve ser de propriedade de pelo menos 50% de um país de investimento do tratado.
- Se uma empresa estiver enviando um funcionário com um visto E-2, o funcionário deve ser nacional de um país que tem tratado de investimento, bem como estar em uma posição de supervisão, gerencial, executiva ou de conhecimento especializado (funcionário essencial).
- O investidor (pessoa física ou jurídica) deve ter a intenção de investir uma quantidade substancial de capital em um negócio de boa-fé existente ou novo. Uma empresa de boa-fé é uma empresa real que produz produtos ou serviços e é lucrativa.
- O investidor (pessoa física ou jurídica) deve garantir que o negócio gere mais lucro do que apenas ganhar a vida. Novos negócios estão isentos do requisito de lucro marginal, mas devem cumprir esse requisito dentro de cinco anos.
- O investidor (pessoa física ou jurídica) deve ter o objetivo de desenvolver ainda mais o negócio por meio desse investimento.
- O investidor (pessoa física ou jurídica) deve depositar os fundos em uma conta bancária ou em um agente até que seu visto seja aprovado.
- O investidor deve ter a intenção de retornar ao seu país de origem assim que seu trabalho estiver concluído.
O último requisito é um dos mais importantes, pois a maioria das pessoas tende a ter problemas com isso à medida que sua estada nos Estados Unidos continua. Isso se torna especialmente um problema e é uma violação potencial do status do visto E-2, quando se deseja solicitar um visto EB-2 enquanto ainda estiver nos EUA. Por favor, visite nosso artigo relacionado sobre vistos de negócios EB-2
por Kyle Huffman
para obter mais informações sobre vistos EB-2.
O valor do investimento alvo para um visto E-2 é geralmente entre $ 100.000 - $ 200.000, no entanto, sob certas circunstâncias, um investimento menor às vezes é suficiente para atender ao requisito. O inverso também é verdadeiro, pois um investimento maior que $ 100.000 - $ 200.000 certamente atende ao requisito, caso o negócio precise de tal financiamento.
Por quanto tempo meu visto E-2 é válido?
A duração da validade do seu visto E-2 depende da sua nacionalidade e pode variar de 3 meses a 5 anos. Isso também é conhecido como o “período de reciprocidade”. Essencialmente, o período de validade do Visto E-2 é estabelecido pelo Tratado entre o seu país e os Estados Unidos.
O período de validade é o prazo para o qual o visto E-2 é emitido: até a data de expiração do seu visto E-2, você poderá entrar nos Estados Unidos.
Quanto tempo posso permanecer nos Estados Unidos depois de entrar com meu visto E-2?
Isso é conhecido como o “período de permanência”, que é diferente do “período de validade” mencionado acima. O período de permanência é a duração da sua estadia nos Estados Unidos, independentemente do período de validade do seu visto E-2. O período de permanência será atribuído na sua chegada aos Estados Unidos e para o visto E-2 será de 2 anos. Se você deseja permanecer nos Estados Unidos por mais tempo, você deve renovar ou estender o período de permanência do seu visto E2.
Qual é a diferença entre renovação e extensão?
A diferença está em saber se a pessoa planeja permanecer nos Estados Unidos para estender o visto ou se está disposta a viajar de volta ao país de origem e renovar o visto no consulado.
Caso você opte por sair dos Estados Unidos e reentrar, seu visto E-2 será renovado automaticamente por mais 2 anos.
Se você deseja permanecer nos Estados Unidos e estender seu visto E-2, você deve apresentar uma solicitação I-539 ao USCIS. As extensões são concedidas em incrementos de 2 anos e podem ser estendidas quantas vezes o investidor desejar. As extensões serão concedidas desde que o investidor continue atendendo a todos os requisitos de elegibilidade para o visto E-2 e continue a provar sua intenção de retornar ao seu país de origem.
Se um investidor E-2 se tornar elegível para outro tipo de visto, ele poderá solicitar uma mudança de status no USCIS.
Posso incluir meus dependentes em um visto E-2?
Sim. Os dependentes incluem o cônjuge e filhos solteiros menores de 21 anos do titular do visto principal. Eles podem solicitar ao mesmo tempo que o titular do visto principal ou posteriormente após o visto E-2 já ter sido concedido.
Com um visto E-2, os dependentes podem estudar e o cônjuge pode trabalhar. A partir de 12 de novembro de 2021, a capacidade de trabalho de um cônjuge E-2 é incidente ao seu status E-2. Isso significa que, se um cônjuge E-2 tiver os documentos para mostrar que está no status E-2 válido (ou seja, um aviso de aprovação E-2 e I-94 válido), ele poderá trabalhar sem ter que apresentar um pedido de autorização de emprego (Formulário I-765). Se o cônjuge ainda quiser um cartão EAD físico e quiser ter a documentação para mostrar a autorização de trabalho e sua identidade, ele pode apresentar um pedido I-765, mas não é necessário.
Se os dependentes quiserem prolongar sua estada, eles devem apresentar um requerimento I-539. Eles não recebem renovações automáticas se deixarem os EUA e retornarem. Além disso, se o titular do visto principal mudar de status, os dependentes também se tornarão elegíveis para mudança de status.
Qual é o tempo de processamento de um visto E2?
Os tempos de processamento variam dependendo se você está solicitando em um consulado ou nos Estados Unidos com o USCIS. Se aplicar com o USCIS, o tempo de processamento geralmente é de 3 a 5 meses. Para obter os tempos de processamento mais atualizados, visite a página de tempos de processamento do USCIS abaixo.
Se a solicitação for feita no consulado, o tempo de processamento varia de acordo com o país em que você está solicitando.
Quantas vezes posso entrar e sair dos Estados Unidos usando meu visto E-2?
Se um visto E-2 é emitido para uma única entrada ou várias entradas, depende do tratado do seu país com os Estados Unidos, especificamente a tabela de reciprocidade no site do Departamento de Estado. Veja o link abaixo.
Se você quiser saber mais sobre como solicitar um visto E2, entre em contato com o Santos Lloyd Law Firm e nossa talentosa equipe de experientes advogados de imigração terá prazer em ajudá-lo!
Este blog não tem o propósito de ser um aconselhamento jurídico e nada aqui deve ser construído como o estabelecimento de um relacionamento advogado-cliente. Por favor, agende uma consulta com um advogado de imigração antes de agir sobre qualquer informação lida aqui.
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