Le visa E-2 : Une solide opportunité d'investissement dans une période politique en mutation
Shirin Navabi • February 13, 2025
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Le visa E-2 est un visa de non-immigrant qui permet aux investisseurs étrangers des pays signataires d'un traité de vivre et de travailler aux États-Unis en créant ou en achetant une entreprise. Contrairement à d'autres catégories de visas, il n'exige pas de montant minimum fixe pour l'investissement. Au contraire, les demandeurs doivent démontrer que leur investissement est substantiel et suffisant pour assurer le succès de leur entreprise. Le visa est renouvelable indéfiniment tant que l'entreprise reste active et remplit les critères nécessaires, ce qui en fait une option attrayante pour les entrepreneurs à la recherche d'opportunités à long terme aux États-Unis.
L'un de ses principaux avantages est la flexibilité. Les investisseurs peuvent créer une nouvelle entreprise, acquérir une entreprise existante ou se lancer dans des franchises. En outre, les conjoints et les enfants de moins de 21 ans peuvent accompagner le demandeur principal, et les conjoints peuvent demander une autorisation de travail. Le visa E-2 est donc une option pratique pour les personnes ayant l'esprit d'entreprise et souhaitant s'établir sur le marché américain.
Bien que le visa E-2 soit resté une option stable, les changements dans les politiques d'immigration des États-Unis ont influencé la procédure de demande et l'expérience globale de l'investisseur. Il est essentiel de comprendre ces changements pour toute personne qui envisage de suivre cette voie.
Changements de politique et visa E-2 : Les leçons du passé
Au cours de la première administration Trump (2017-2021), les politiques d'immigration des États-Unis sont devenues plus restrictives dans de multiples catégories de visas. Bien que le programme E-2 n'ait pas été directement limité, des changements plus larges ont eu un impact. Le décret « Buy American, Hire American », signé en 2017, a conduit à un examen plus approfondi des demandes de visa, exigeant des investisseurs qu'ils fournissent des preuves plus solides que leur entreprise créerait des emplois et contribuerait à l'économie américaine. Cela a entraîné une augmentation des demandes de preuves (RFE) et des refus pour ceux qui n'étaient pas en mesure de répondre à ces attentes.
Un autre changement important a été la suspension du programme de dispense d'entretien, qui signifiait que tous les demandeurs E-2, y compris les renouvellements, devaient passer des entretiens en personne dans les ambassades américaines. Cette mesure a allongé les délais de traitement et renforcé l'examen des demandes. En outre, les accords de réciprocité en matière de visas ont été revus et adaptés, ce qui a eu un impact sur les périodes de validité et les coûts pour certains pays. Par exemple, les citoyens iraniens ont été jugés inéligibles pour le visa E-2 en raison de la résiliation du traité. Ces ajustements ont considérablement affecté les investisseurs des pays concernés, en augmentant leurs coûts et la fréquence des renouvellements.
Malgré ces changements de politique, le taux d'approbation des visas E-2 est resté relativement stable. Selon les données du Département d'État américain, plus de 43 000 demandes ont été approuvées en 2019, ce qui témoigne de la viabilité continue du programme. Même en 2020, lorsque la pandémie de COVID-19 a provoqué des perturbations à l'échelle mondiale, le nombre d'approbations est resté important. Ces chiffres soulignent que si le processus est devenu plus rigoureux, les investisseurs bien préparés ont continué à obtenir des visas en démontrant des plans d'affaires solides, des investissements substantiels et des contributions économiques claires.
Ce à quoi il faut s'attendre à l'avenir
Alors que la nouvelle administration Trump prend forme, d'autres changements de politique d'immigration sont probables. Bien qu'il soit trop tôt pour prédire l'impact exact sur le visa E-2, les tendances passées suggèrent un examen plus approfondi. Cependant, le programme lui-même est resté intact à travers de multiples administrations, ce qui renforce sa fiabilité pour les entrepreneurs étrangers.
Les personnes qui envisagent d'obtenir ce visa doivent se tenir informées et veiller à ce que leur demande réponde à l'évolution des exigences. Une stratégie d'investissement bien préparée, une documentation claire et un plan de création d'emplois bien défini peuvent faire une grande différence dans la gestion d'éventuels changements de politique.
Pourquoi le visa E-2 reste un choix judicieux
Le visa E-2 reste une option solide et précieuse pour les entrepreneurs étrangers. Même pendant les périodes de changement de politique, les taux d'approbation sont restés élevés pour les investisseurs dont les demandes étaient bien structurées. La possibilité de renouveler indéfiniment le visa, combinée à sa flexibilité quant au montant de l'investissement et au type d'entreprise, en fait l'une des voies d'accès les plus attrayantes pour les investisseurs internationaux.
En se préparant correctement, les investisseurs peuvent obtenir le visa E-2 en toute confiance, sachant que l'histoire a démontré sa stabilité, même dans des paysages politiques changeants. En restant à l'affût des changements politiques et en s'appuyant sur une stratégie commerciale solide, les entrepreneurs peuvent tirer parti des possibilités offertes par le marché américain.
Si vous êtes prêt à passer à l'étape suivante du lancement de votre entreprise aux États-Unis, vous pouvez contacter notre bureau pour obtenir des conseils d'experts et une aide personnalisée pour votre demande.
Ce blog n'est pas destiné à fournir des conseils juridiques et rien ici ne doit être interprété comme établissant une relation avocat-client. Veuillez prendre rendez-vous avec un avocat spécialisé en droit de l'immigration avant d'agir sur la base de toute information lue ici.
As an immigration law firm, we regularly assist highly skilled professionals working in the U.S. on temporary work visas such as H-1B who are seeking a path to permanent residency. For many of these individuals, the EB-2 and EB-3 employment-based green card categories are the most pursued—and frequently misunderstood—routes . While both are viable pathways to permanent residency, they differ in meaningful ways that can significantly impact the timing, eligibility, and overall strategy of your case. The EB-2 category is intended for individuals who either hold an advanced degree or demonstrate exceptional ability in their field . Most applicants qualify by having a master’s degree (or higher), or a bachelor’s degree accompanied by at least five years of progressive experience in their profession. There is also a subcategory within EB-2 known as the National Interest Waiver (NIW), which allows qualified individuals to self-petition without employer sponsorship if their work substantially benefits the United States. This route is especially relevant for researchers, entrepreneurs, and professionals in high national interest or mission-critical fields. In contrast, the EB-3 category includes professionals with a bachelor’s degree as well as skilled workers with at least two years of training or experience . While the educational threshold for EB-3 may appear less rigorous, the process itself is equally structured. One key distinction between EB-2 and EB-3 lies in the requirements of the job being offered, not just the applicant’s own credentials. For example, if a position requires only a bachelor’s degree, even a highly qualified candidate with a master’s degree may still fall under EB-3. Regardless of which category applies, most employment-based green card cases begin with the PERM labor certification process . This is a formal procedure overseen by the U.S. Department of Labor, in which the employer must test the labor market and demonstrate that there are no able, willing, qualified, and available U.S. workers for the position. The employer must also agree to pay the prevailing wage as determined by the Department of Labor. This step is both mandatory and highly detail-sensitive; inaccuracies in the job description, recruitment steps, or wage determination can lead to significant delays or even denials. Once PERM certification is approved, the employer files Form I-140 , the Immigrant Petition for Alien Worker. This petition confirms that the employee meets the requirements for the offered position under either EB-2 or EB-3, and that the employer is financially capable of providing the job as described. If the employee’s priority date—which is based on the date the PERM was filed—is current according to the Department of State’s Visa Bulletin, the individual may then file Form I-485 to adjust their status to lawful permanent resident. One of the more nuanced aspects of this process involves understanding how priority dates and visa backlogs affect the timeline. For applicants from countries with high demand, such as India or China, significant delays are common—particularly under EB-2. Paradoxically, there are times when the EB-3 category moves faster, prompting some applicants to file a second I-140 under EB-3 while retaining the original priority date. This strategy can be effective but requires careful legal planning to ensure it’s done correctly. Another strategic factor is portability. If your I-485 application has been pending for at least 180 days and your I-140 has been approved, you may be eligible to change employers under the AC21 portability provisions, so long as the new job is in the same or a similar occupational classification. This flexibility can be critical for employees who experience job changes or promotions during the often lengthy green card process. Ultimately, the choice between EB-2 and EB-3 isn’t about prestige —it’s about aligning your qualifications, the job requirements, and your immigration history with current legal standards and market conditions. The right strategy depends not only on your education and experience, but also on your long-term career goals and country of origin. At our firm, we work closely with both employers and employees to develop individualized immigration strategies that streamline the process and avoid unnecessary setbacks. Whether you're a corporate professional evaluating your green card options or an employer preparing to sponsor a key team member, we offer the insight and experience to move your case forward with confidence.
If you've made it to the United States as a culinary professional—perhaps on an O-1B visa that recognizes your extraordinary talent, or a P-3 visa for sharing your rich culinary heritage—congratulations! You’ve already proven yourself as a standout in your craft. But what if we told you that your journey doesn’t have to end when your temporary visa does? In fact, your current status could be the perfect stepping stone to something much more lasting: a green card through the EB-1A category. The EB-1A visa is a first-preference employment-based immigrant visa, designed for individuals with “ extraordinary ability ” in fields such as the arts, sciences, education, business, or athletics. And yes—culinary arts absolutely count. The key is demonstrating that your skills have risen to the very top of your field. If you've already gone through the O-1 or P-3 process, you're likely well on your way . Here’s the good news: much of the evidence used to obtain your O-1B or P-3 visa can be repurposed for your EB-1A petition . Awards, press features, expert testimonials, and proof of your work in prestigious kitchens or at cultural events—they're all valuable again. But what’s even more exciting is that everything you’ve accomplished while in the U.S. on your temporary visa—whether launching a signature tasting menu, starring in a food documentary, or leading culinary workshops—can now be used to further strengthen your case. According to USCIS, EB-1A applicants must meet at least three of ten criteria unless they’ve received a major internationally recognized award. These criteria include things like published material about your work, original contributions of major significance, high salary, and a critical role in distinguished organizations. For many chefs, especially those who’ve thrived in the U.S. hospitality scene, it’s absolutely achievable with the right guidance. What sets the EB-1A apart is that it does not require an employer sponsor . That’s right—you can self-petition! This means your culinary career can be as flexible and entrepreneurial as you want it to be, whether that means opening your own restaurant, expanding into media, or continuing to cook your way into America’s heart. Even better? It can be one of the fastest paths to a green card available. With premium processing, your I-140 petition can be adjudicated within just 15 business days. And if your country’s EB-1 visa category is current on the visa bulletin at the time of approval, you may be eligible to file your green card application immediately. This combination of speed, autonomy, and flexibility makes EB-1A an incredibly attractive next step in your immigration journey. At Santos Lloyd Law Firm, we love helping creative professionals take their next big step. If you’ve already wowed the world with your cuisine, the EB-1A may be your opportunity to stay and make your mark for good. Contact us today to find out if the EB-1A is the next right step for you!
The United States has long been a destination for the world’s most talented athletes—not only to compete at the highest level, but to access world-class training, coaching opportunities, and long-term career prospects. Whether on the field, in the ring, or across the chessboard, athletes from across the globe are finding immigration pathways that allow them to pursue their athletic and professional goals in the U.S. U.S. immigration law offers several visa and green card options designed specifically for individuals with extraordinary athletic talent. These include the P-1A visa for internationally recognized athletes, the O-1A visa for individuals of extraordinary ability, and the EB-1A immigrant petition, which can lead to permanent residency and ultimately, U.S. citizenship. The P-1A visa is commonly used by professional athletes coming to the U.S. to compete in a specific event or season. This applies not only to individual athletes but also to members of teams or clubs recognized internationally. It is widely used by soccer players, basketball players, MMA fighters, Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu competitors, and even elite chess players. Athletes must demonstrate a high level of international recognition and a record of performance in their sport. The O-1A visa is a strong option for coaches who demonstrate extraordinary ability, typically evidenced by championship titles, sustained winning records, or recognition as integral to their team’s success. To qualify, a coach must establish that their expertise places them among the small percentage of top professionals in their field. For athletes seeking permanent status in the U.S., the EB-1A immigrant petition —often referred to as the “extraordinary ability green card”—provides a direct path to lawful permanent residency. It requires clear documentation that the individual is among the very best in their sport and has achieved sustained national or international success. Unlike other green card categories, the EB-1A does not require employer sponsorship and can be self-petitioned. This has become a common path for MMA world champions, BJJ black belt medalists, Olympic athletes, and chess grandmasters—many of whom now represent the U.S. at the highest levels of international competition. It’s important to note that U.S. immigration law defines “athlete” broadly. Whether you are a professional football player in Europe, a sprinter from the Caribbean, a judoka, a gymnast, or a grandmaster in chess, your achievements may qualify under these categories if they are properly documented and presented. The key is a consistent record of excellence and recognition in your sport on a national or international scale. Our office specializes in these types of immigration matters. Whether you are an individual athlete looking to relocate or an organization seeking to bring international talent to your roster, we offer tailored legal strategies to support your goals. If you are exploring options to compete, train, or build your future in the U.S., we’re here to help you take the next step.
