Le visa E-2 : Une solide opportunité d'investissement dans une période politique en mutation
Shirin Navabi • February 13, 2025
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Le visa E-2 est un visa de non-immigrant qui permet aux investisseurs étrangers des pays signataires d'un traité de vivre et de travailler aux États-Unis en créant ou en achetant une entreprise. Contrairement à d'autres catégories de visas, il n'exige pas de montant minimum fixe pour l'investissement. Au contraire, les demandeurs doivent démontrer que leur investissement est substantiel et suffisant pour assurer le succès de leur entreprise. Le visa est renouvelable indéfiniment tant que l'entreprise reste active et remplit les critères nécessaires, ce qui en fait une option attrayante pour les entrepreneurs à la recherche d'opportunités à long terme aux États-Unis.
L'un de ses principaux avantages est la flexibilité. Les investisseurs peuvent créer une nouvelle entreprise, acquérir une entreprise existante ou se lancer dans des franchises. En outre, les conjoints et les enfants de moins de 21 ans peuvent accompagner le demandeur principal, et les conjoints peuvent demander une autorisation de travail. Le visa E-2 est donc une option pratique pour les personnes ayant l'esprit d'entreprise et souhaitant s'établir sur le marché américain.
Bien que le visa E-2 soit resté une option stable, les changements dans les politiques d'immigration des États-Unis ont influencé la procédure de demande et l'expérience globale de l'investisseur. Il est essentiel de comprendre ces changements pour toute personne qui envisage de suivre cette voie.
Changements de politique et visa E-2 : Les leçons du passé
Au cours de la première administration Trump (2017-2021), les politiques d'immigration des États-Unis sont devenues plus restrictives dans de multiples catégories de visas. Bien que le programme E-2 n'ait pas été directement limité, des changements plus larges ont eu un impact. Le décret « Buy American, Hire American », signé en 2017, a conduit à un examen plus approfondi des demandes de visa, exigeant des investisseurs qu'ils fournissent des preuves plus solides que leur entreprise créerait des emplois et contribuerait à l'économie américaine. Cela a entraîné une augmentation des demandes de preuves (RFE) et des refus pour ceux qui n'étaient pas en mesure de répondre à ces attentes.
Un autre changement important a été la suspension du programme de dispense d'entretien, qui signifiait que tous les demandeurs E-2, y compris les renouvellements, devaient passer des entretiens en personne dans les ambassades américaines. Cette mesure a allongé les délais de traitement et renforcé l'examen des demandes. En outre, les accords de réciprocité en matière de visas ont été revus et adaptés, ce qui a eu un impact sur les périodes de validité et les coûts pour certains pays. Par exemple, les citoyens iraniens ont été jugés inéligibles pour le visa E-2 en raison de la résiliation du traité. Ces ajustements ont considérablement affecté les investisseurs des pays concernés, en augmentant leurs coûts et la fréquence des renouvellements.
Malgré ces changements de politique, le taux d'approbation des visas E-2 est resté relativement stable. Selon les données du Département d'État américain, plus de 43 000 demandes ont été approuvées en 2019, ce qui témoigne de la viabilité continue du programme. Même en 2020, lorsque la pandémie de COVID-19 a provoqué des perturbations à l'échelle mondiale, le nombre d'approbations est resté important. Ces chiffres soulignent que si le processus est devenu plus rigoureux, les investisseurs bien préparés ont continué à obtenir des visas en démontrant des plans d'affaires solides, des investissements substantiels et des contributions économiques claires.
Ce à quoi il faut s'attendre à l'avenir
Alors que la nouvelle administration Trump prend forme, d'autres changements de politique d'immigration sont probables. Bien qu'il soit trop tôt pour prédire l'impact exact sur le visa E-2, les tendances passées suggèrent un examen plus approfondi. Cependant, le programme lui-même est resté intact à travers de multiples administrations, ce qui renforce sa fiabilité pour les entrepreneurs étrangers.
Les personnes qui envisagent d'obtenir ce visa doivent se tenir informées et veiller à ce que leur demande réponde à l'évolution des exigences. Une stratégie d'investissement bien préparée, une documentation claire et un plan de création d'emplois bien défini peuvent faire une grande différence dans la gestion d'éventuels changements de politique.
Pourquoi le visa E-2 reste un choix judicieux
Le visa E-2 reste une option solide et précieuse pour les entrepreneurs étrangers. Même pendant les périodes de changement de politique, les taux d'approbation sont restés élevés pour les investisseurs dont les demandes étaient bien structurées. La possibilité de renouveler indéfiniment le visa, combinée à sa flexibilité quant au montant de l'investissement et au type d'entreprise, en fait l'une des voies d'accès les plus attrayantes pour les investisseurs internationaux.
En se préparant correctement, les investisseurs peuvent obtenir le visa E-2 en toute confiance, sachant que l'histoire a démontré sa stabilité, même dans des paysages politiques changeants. En restant à l'affût des changements politiques et en s'appuyant sur une stratégie commerciale solide, les entrepreneurs peuvent tirer parti des possibilités offertes par le marché américain.
Si vous êtes prêt à passer à l'étape suivante du lancement de votre entreprise aux États-Unis, vous pouvez contacter notre bureau pour obtenir des conseils d'experts et une aide personnalisée pour votre demande.
Ce blog n'est pas destiné à fournir des conseils juridiques et rien ici ne doit être interprété comme établissant une relation avocat-client. Veuillez prendre rendez-vous avec un avocat spécialisé en droit de l'immigration avant d'agir sur la base de toute information lue ici.
On March 31, 2024, U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) implemented a policy update that limits gender marker selections on all immigration forms and systems to two biological sexes: male and female. This change eliminates the option for applicants to select a non-binary or “X” gender marker—an option that had previously been permitted on some forms. While USCIS emphasizes that this update does not change who qualifies for immigration benefits, it may significantly impact how certain applications—particularly asylum claims based on gender identity-related persecution—are understood and evaluated. What Has Changed? Under the revised policy, applicants may now only choose “Male” or “Female” when completing USCIS forms. The ability to select a non-binary or third-gender option is no longer available. Applicants may still request to change their gender marker with USCIS, but only within the male/female binary. Supporting documentation, such as medical or legal records, is not required to make the change. This means that transgender individuals can still align their gender marker with their identity—if it falls within the two binary categories—but non-binary individuals are no longer represented. The change follows guidance issued by the federal Office of Management and Budget (OMB), which called for greater consistency in the collection of sex and gender data across federal agencies. Impact on Asylum Applicants This policy update is especially important for individuals applying for asylum based on persecution related to their gender identity. Under U.S. immigration law, asylum is available to people who have suffered persecution—or fear future persecution—based on their membership in a “particular social group.” This includes people targeted for being transgender, gender non-conforming, or otherwise not aligning with socially expected gender roles in their home country. Although the legal standard for asylum remains unchanged, the removal of the non-binary gender marker could make it harder for some applicants to clearly present and document their identity. In asylum cases, credibility and clarity are crucial. The ability to accurately reflect one’s gender identity on official forms can play an important role in establishing the foundation of a persecution claim. Now, applicants who identify as non-binary or outside the traditional male/female categories may be forced to select a gender that does not align with their lived experience. This could lead to confusion in their case file or require additional explanation during interviews or hearings. This policy could weaken the strength of some asylum claims—not because the underlying facts have changed, but because the official forms now fail to reflect the applicant’s true identity. For example: A non-binary person applying for asylum after being targeted in their home country may now have to select “Male” or “Female” on their asylum application, despite not identifying as either. This mismatch may lead adjudicators to question the applicant’s identity, possibly weakening the strength of the claim or requiring added clarification and documentation. In defensive asylum cases—where applicants are in removal proceedings—such inconsistencies could create unnecessary hurdles and complicate the evidentiary presentation. What Can Applicants Do? Despite the change, individuals can still pursue asylum based on gender identity. The underlying eligibility criteria remain the same. However, applicants should be prepared to clearly explain any differences between their stated identity and the gender marker required on USCIS forms. Applicants are encouraged to: Include a personal declaration explaining their gender identity in detail and how it relates to their fear of persecution. Provide evidence such as affidavits, country condition reports, or expert testimony that supports the claim. Work with an experienced immigration attorney who can help present the claim effectively and prepare for any questions that might arise from the new form limitations. The new USCIS policy on gender markers may seem like a technical update, but for asylum seekers fleeing gender-based persecution, it has real implications. While individuals are still legally eligible to seek protection, the limitation to binary gender options could make it more difficult to fully and clearly present their case. If you or someone you know is facing immigration challenges related to gender identity—or is concerned about how this policy may impact an asylum claim—please contact Santos Lloyd Law Firm to schedule a consultation with one of our experienced immigration attorneys. We’re here to help ensure your voice is heard and your case is handled with the care and expertise it deserves.
In 2025, the immigration landscape continues to shift under the weight of national security concerns, ushered in by Executive Order “ Protecting the United States From Foreign Terrorists and Other National Security and Public Safety Threats. ” This directive tasks federal agencies—including the U.S. Department of State—with implementing enhanced screening and vetting protocols for all foreign nationals seeking visas or other immigration benefits. The result? A dramatically intensified vetting process, along with mounting concerns from immigrants, attorneys, and civil liberties advocates alike. Traditionally, airport security focused on verifying travel documents and screening for prohibited items, while consular officers assessed the legitimacy of visa petitions and the admissibility of applicants. Extreme vetting, however, represents a significant shift toward a far more invasive and comprehensive investigative process. It now includes detailed background checks, biometric verification, digital forensics, and expansive scrutiny of an applicant’s online presence and criminal or financial records. Since President Trump’s second term began in January 2025, the implementation of extreme vetting has expanded rapidly. Today, border screenings go far beyond routine document checks, encompassing a full-scale evaluation of a traveler’s digital life. This pivot reflects the administration’s intensified focus on national security, but it has also triggered urgent discussions about privacy, due process, and the fairness of modern immigration enforcement. At U.S. ports of entry—especially airports—noncitizens are now subject to rigorous and invasive procedures, including: Inspection of cell phones, laptops, and other devices (including deleted content) Review of social media activity on platforms like TikTok, Instagram, and X (formerly Twitter) Biometric scanning, including fingerprinting and facial recognition These measures are no longer confined to travelers from high-risk countries. In practice, extreme vetting applies broadly across all nationalities, and increasingly affects lawful permanent residents as well. For noncitizens, this new landscape introduces a heightened level of uncertainty and vulnerability. Delays at U.S. consulates for visa issuance or renewal are becoming routine. Travelers must now be acutely aware of these changes, and those attending consular interviews or seeking visa renewals should be prepared to provide additional documentation verifying their maintenance of status, compliance with visa conditions, and the bona fide nature of their visa applications. It is critical to organize supporting materials in advance and be ready to answer questions about employment, education, travel history, and online activity. As the U.S. government continues to expand its use of data-driven risk assessment tools, travelers must adapt to a new normal, one where preparation is essential to navigating the immigration system without disruption.
For international business owners and entrepreneurs engaged in cross-border trade with the United States , the opportunity to expand operations and establish a physical presence in the U.S. may be more accessible than expected. The E-1 Treaty Trader Visa is specifically designed to facilitate this type of business activity and offers a strategic pathway for qualifying individuals to live and work in the United States while managing or developing trade relationships. While 2025 has brought a trend of changes in immigration policy, the E-1 visa continues to stand out as a viable and welcoming option . Despite increased scrutiny across various immigration categories, this visa remains suitable for those involved in consistent, qualifying trade with the U.S. Its structure and purpose align well with current business realities, making it a stable choice even amid policy shifts. The E-1 visa is available to nationals of countries that maintain a treaty of commerce and navigation with the United States . To qualify, applicants must demonstrate that they are engaged in substantial trade—defined as a continuous flow of sizable international transactions—primarily between their home country and the U.S. Unlike investment-based visas, the E-1 visa does not require a fixed monetary threshold. Instead, it emphasizes active commercial exchange, such as the regular transfer of goods, services, or technology. This visa is applicable across a wide range of industries , including but not limited to manufacturing, logistics, professional services, consulting, finance, tourism, and technology. If more than 50% of your international trade is with the United States, and the business activity is consistent and well-documented, the E-1 visa may be a strong fit for your current business model. In addition to its flexibility, the E-1 visa is renewable as long as the trade activity continues. It also extends benefits to eligible family members: spouses and unmarried children under 21 may accompany the principal visa holder, and spouses are eligible to apply for U.S. work authorization, offering added support and financial opportunity for the family. This visa category is particularly well-suited for business professionals who are already operating in international markets and looking to formalize or expand their presence in the U.S. It rewards active engagement, proven commercial performance, and long-term trade partnerships. If you are currently engaged in trade with the United States and are considering expanding your business operations, the E-1 Treaty Trader Visa may provide a clear and effective route forward. Our attorneys at Santos Lloyd Law Firm are here to help you assess your qualifications and guide you through each stage of the process with clarity, strategy, and confidence.
