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Que se passe-t-il à la frontière sud des États-Unis ?
Denice Flores • November 14, 2024
Click here to read this article in English
Le 3 juin 2024, le Président Biden a signé la Proclamation 10773, Securing the Border. Le 27 septembre 2024, le Président Biden a amendé la Proclamation 10773.
La Proclamation présidentielle 10773 a suspendu et limité l'entrée de certains non-citoyens aux États-Unis à travers la frontière sud des États-Unis.
À partir du 5 juin 2024, les procédures de contrôle de l'immigration et d'asile à la frontière sud des États-Unis seront plus strictes. Selon le ministère de la sécurité intérieure, cette suspension et cette limitation de l'entrée ainsi que les mesures associées s'appliqueront jusqu'à 14 jours civils après que le ministère de la sécurité intérieure aura enregistré une moyenne de 28 jours civils consécutifs de 7 jours civils consécutifs de moins de 1 500 rencontres. La suspension et la limitation de l'entrée continueront à s'appliquer, ou s'appliqueront à nouveau, s'il y a eu une moyenne de 7 jours civils consécutifs de 2 500 rencontres ou plus. Par conséquent, il n'y a pas de date limite pour cette règle.
En vertu de la proclamation présidentielle, les non-citoyens qui sont appréhendés par le DHS alors qu'ils tentent d'entrer illégalement aux États-Unis et qui n'établissent pas de base légale pour rester aux États-Unis :
- seront rapidement renvoyés dans leur pays d'origine ou dans un pays tiers,
- se verront interdire l'entrée sur le territoire américain pendant au moins cinq ans, et
- seront passibles de poursuites pénales en cas d'entrée illégale ultérieure.
Les non-citoyens qui franchissent illégalement la frontière sud des États-Unis et qui ne relèvent pas de l'une des exceptions prévues par la Proclamation ne peuvent généralement pas bénéficier de l'asile, sauf en cas de circonstances exceptionnellement contraignantes.
Les non-citoyens qui franchissent la frontière sud des États-Unis, qui ne relèvent pas des exceptions et qui font l'objet d'une procédure d'expulsion accélérée ne seront soumis à un examen des craintes crédibles que s'ils expriment la crainte d'un retour dans leur pays d'origine, la crainte de persécutions ou de tortures, ou l'intention de demander l'asile.
Selon le DHS, « les États-Unis continuent de respecter leurs obligations et engagements internationaux en examinant les personnes qui manifestent ou expriment des craintes, mais qui ne remplissent pas les conditions requises pour bénéficier de l'exception à la règle des circonstances exceptionnellement impérieuses, en vue d'une suspension de l'expulsion et des protections prévues par la Convention contre la torture, en fonction d'une probabilité raisonnable de persécution ou de torture - une nouvelle norme sensiblement plus élevée que celle appliquée en vertu de la règle relative au contournement des voies de passage légales ».
La suspension et les limitations prévues par la proclamation ne s'appliquent pas aux non-citoyens qui prennent rendez-vous pour se présenter à un point d'entrée terrestre désigné. La règle ne s'applique pas non plus aux résidents permanents légaux, aux autres non-citoyens titulaires d'un visa valide ou aux autres personnes légalement autorisées à entrer aux États-Unis, aux enfants non accompagnés et aux victimes d'une forme grave de traite des êtres humains.
Ce blog n'est pas destiné à fournir des conseils juridiques et rien ici ne doit être interprété comme établissant une relation avocat-client. Veuillez prendre rendez-vous avec un avocat spécialisé en droit de l'immigration avant d'agir sur la base de toute information lue ici.
On January 20, 2025, President Donald Trump signed an Executive Order imposing new restrictions on migrants, including limitations on asylum and humanitarian protections. The order directs the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to terminate all categorical parole programs that conflict with U.S. policies , which includes parole processes for Cuban, Haitian, Nicaraguan, and Venezuelan nationals. Additionally, this provision could impact parole programs for individuals from Afghanistan, Ukraine, and other countries. Beyond restricting parole, the executive order introduces several border security measures , including building more physical barriers, increasing the number of border personnel, and stopping the use of the CBP One mobile application . The order specifically directs the Department of Defense (DOD) and DHS to build more border walls to establish what it calls “complete operational control” of the southern border. Additionally, it ordered the immediate shutdown of the CBP One mobile app, which previously allowed asylum seekers to schedule appointments at U.S. Ports of Entry. As a result, all existing appointments have been canceled immediately . The order also initiates the reinstatement of the “Remain in Mexico” program , also known as the Migrant Protection Protocols (MPP) , across all sectors of the southern border. Under MPP, asylum seekers must remain in Mexico while awaiting the outcome of their U.S. immigration court proceedings, significantly altering the process for those seeking refuge in the country. These measures reinforce the Trump administration's broader effort to restrict asylum and humanitarian protections at the U.S. border . If you or someone you know may be affected by this executive order, it is essential to stay informed and understand your legal rights. Consulting with an immigration attorney can help navigate these evolving policies and ensure the best course of action moving forward.
The E-2 Visa is a non-immigrant visa that allows foreign investors from treaty countries to live and work in the United States by starting or purchasing a business. Unlike other visa categories, it does not require a fixed minimum investment amount. Instead, applicants must demonstrate that their investment is substantial and sufficient to ensure the success of their business. The visa is renewable indefinitely as long as the business remains active and meets the necessary criteria, making it an attractive option for entrepreneurs seeking long-term opportunities in the U.S. One of its key advantages is flexibility. Investors can establish a new business, acquire an existing one, or enter into franchise opportunities. Additionally, spouses and children under 21 can accompany the primary applicant, with spouses eligible to apply for work authorization. This makes the E-2 Visa a practical option for business-minded individuals looking to establish themselves in the U.S. market. While the E-2 Visa itself has remained a stable option, shifts in U.S. immigration policies have influenced the application process and overall investor experience. Understanding these changes is essential for anyone considering this pathway. Policy Shifts and the E-2 Visa: Lessons from the Past During the first Trump administration (2017–2021), U.S. immigration policies became more restrictive across multiple visa categories. Although the E-2 program was not directly limited, broader changes had an impact. The "Buy American, Hire American" Executive Order, signed in 2017, led to heightened scrutiny of visa applications, requiring investors to provide stronger evidence that their business would create jobs and contribute to the U.S. economy. This resulted in an increase in Requests for Evidence (RFEs) and denials for those unable to meet these expectations. Another significant change was the suspension of the Interview Waiver Program, which meant all E-2 applicants, including renewals, had to attend in-person interviews at U.S. embassies. This extended processing times and increased scrutiny of applications. Additionally, visa reciprocity agreements were reviewed and adjusted, impacting validity periods and costs for certain countries. For instance, Iranian citizens were deemed ineligible for the E-2 Visa due to the termination of the treaty. These adjustments significantly affected investors from impacted nations, increasing their costs and renewal frequency. Despite these policy shifts, the approval rate for E-2 visas remained relatively stable. According to data from the U.S. Department of State, there were over 43,000 approvals in 2019, reflecting the program’s continued viability. Even in 2020, when the COVID-19 pandemic caused global disruptions, approval numbers remained significant. These figures highlight that while the process became more rigorous, well-prepared investors continued to secure visas by demonstrating strong business plans, substantial investments, and clear economic contributions. What to Expect Moving Forward As the new Trump administration takes shape, further immigration policy changes are likely. While it is too soon to predict the exact impact on the E-2 Visa, past trends suggest increased scrutiny. However, the program itself has remained intact across multiple administrations, reinforcing its reliability for foreign entrepreneurs. Those considering this visa should stay informed and ensure their applications meet evolving requirements. A well-prepared investment strategy, clear documentation, and a defined job creation plan can make a significant difference in navigating any potential policy shifts. Why the E-2 Visa Remains a Strong Choice The E-2 Visa continues to be a resilient and valuable option for foreign entrepreneurs. Even during periods of policy change, approval rates have remained strong for investors with well-structured applications. The ability to renew indefinitely, combined with its flexibility in investment size and business type, makes it one of the most attractive pathways for international investors. With the right preparation, investors can confidently pursue the E-2 Visa, knowing that history has shown its stability even amid shifting political landscapes. By staying ahead of policy changes and ensuring a solid business strategy, entrepreneurs can take advantage of the opportunities the U.S. market has to offer. If you are ready to take the next step toward launching your business in the U.S., you can contact our office for expert guidance and personalized assistance with your application.
On January 29, 2025, President Trump signed the Laken Riley Act into law, significantly altering how immigration policies are enforced in the United States. This legislation grants State attorneys general and other authorized officials unprecedented authority to interpret and implement federal immigration policies. It also empowers them to take legal action against the federal government if they believe federal immigration enforcement negatively impacts their state. With this new authority, states now play a direct role in shaping immigration outcomes—a responsibility traditionally held by the federal government. One of the most immediate effects of the Laken Riley Act is that it allows states to seek injunctive relief to block the issuance of visas to nationals of countries that refuse or unreasonably delay the acceptance of their citizens who have been ordered removed from the United States . This means that if a country does not cooperate with U.S. deportation efforts, its nationals—regardless of their legal status—could face significant difficulties obtaining or renewing visas. As a result, foreign nationals from these countries may encounter increased uncertainty when traveling internationally or securing work authorization in the U.S. Beyond visa processing, the law introduces a new level of unpredictability into the immigration system. By allowing state attorneys general to intervene in federal procedures, and immigration policies that may now vary based on state-level decisions. In the coming months, it remains to be seen how individual states will wield this power—whether they will actively seek to block visa issuance or push for broader immigration enforcement measures. For foreign nationals and employers, staying informed about which countries are deemed “uncooperative” is now more important than ever. Those needing visa renewals or planning international travel should prepare for potential delays and seek professional guidance to navigate these uncertainties. The Laken Riley Act also mandates federal immigration authorities to detain and deport individuals without legal status who are charged with certain offenses, including minor theft or shoplifting, assaulting a law enforcement officer, and crimes resulting in death or serious bodily injury. This provision underscores a stricter approach to immigration enforcement, affecting individuals accused of both minor and serious offenses. With immigration policies now subject to a new layer of state involvement, it is more important than ever to stay informed and prepared for potential challenges. If you have concerns about how the Laken Riley Act may affect your immigration status or business, contact Santos Lloyd Law Firm for strategic counsel tailored to your needs.
