Shutdown Showdown: La amenaza que se cierne sobre los servicios de inmigración en medio de las disputas fiscales

Flavia Santos • November 30, 2023

Click here to read this article in English

Cada año, al comenzar el nuevo año fiscal federal, el Congreso de los Estados Unidos se enfrenta a la tarea fundamental de llegar a un consenso sobre la financiación del gobierno federal. Si el Congreso no logra llegar a un acuerdo y aprobar el proyecto de ley de asignaciones necesarias, existe la posibilidad de que se produzca un cierre parcial del gobierno.

Las consecuencias de dicho cierre sólo serían uniformes en algunas agencias gubernamentales si se produjera el 1 de octubre de 2023. El alcance del impacto fluctuaría, en particular para las agencias que se ocupan de asuntos relacionados con la inmigración, dependiendo de varios factores, incluida su capacidad para generar tasas y otras consideraciones.

A pesar de la incertidumbre, se prevé que ciertas funciones esenciales del gobierno persistirían, asegurando que los servicios básicos y las responsabilidades se sigan cumpliendo, incluso en el caso de un estancamiento de la financiación del gobierno. Aunque un cierre del gobierno no es definitivo, si ocurre, podemos anticipar retrasos en las prestaciones de inmigración. Teniendo en cuenta anteriores cierres, es probable que los servicios de inmigración se vean interrumpidos.

El Servicio de Ciudadanía e Inmigración de Estados Unidos (USCIS) 

El Servicio de Ciudadanía e Inmigración de EE.UU. (USCIS) funciona principalmente con tasas y no con fondos públicos. Las oficinas del USCIS han permanecido normalmente abiertas en anteriores cierres, pero debemos prever una ralentización de las operaciones y cuellos de botella en la tramitación.

Esta ralentización se produce debido a la reducción de los niveles de personal, principalmente cuando los adjudicadores de USCIS dependen de otras funciones del gobierno para tomar decisiones. Aunque USCIS no depende en gran medida de la financiación del gobierno, la interconexión de varios organismos puede afectar indirectamente a su eficiencia durante los cierres del gobierno, dando lugar a posibles retrasos en los servicios relacionados con la inmigración y las decisiones.


Hablando del impacto directo de la inmigración en el gobierno federal, cabe destacar la estructura de financiación y los efectos potenciales de los cierres del gobierno en agencias específicas del gobierno de EE.UU. y sus funciones relacionadas con la inmigración.

Departamento de Estado (DOS)

El Departamento de Estado de EE.UU., que desempeña un papel fundamental en la gestión de las solicitudes de visado y los servicios a los ciudadanos estadounidenses, depende de la financiación procedente de las tasas de solicitud de visado y otros cargos relacionados. Este modelo de financiación ha permitido históricamente al departamento mantener servicios esenciales, incluida la tramitación de visados para ciudadanos e inmigrantes.

Sin embargo, en caso de un cierre prolongado del Gobierno, los servicios no urgentes podrían verse afectados, lo que posiblemente provocaría la suspensión de diversas funciones relacionadas con los visados. Esto se manifestaría como la no emisión de visados de negocios y de empleo y posibles cancelaciones o reprogramaciones de citas pendientes de solicitud de visado.

Departamento de Trabajo (DOL)

Por otra parte, el Departamento de Trabajo de EE.UU. (DOL) se enfrenta a retos más importantes durante los cierres gubernamentales. A diferencia de los organismos que generan ingresos, el DOL depende en gran medida de la financiación pública. En consecuencia, los anteriores cierres gubernamentales han afectado significativamente a las funciones del DOL relacionadas con la inmigración.

Esta interrupción ha sido particularmente evidente en las solicitudes de condición laboral (LCA), las solicitudes de certificación laboral PERM y las solicitudes de salario prevaleciente. Durante los cierres, estas funciones se suspendieron por lo general, acumulando atrasos y tiempos de procesamiento prolongados, incluso después de que las operaciones del gobierno se reanudaron.

Estos distintos modelos de financiación y las tendencias históricas ponen de relieve las diferentes vulnerabilidades de las agencias en relación con los servicios de inmigración durante los cierres del gobierno. Subraya la importancia de las consideraciones presupuestarias y la planificación de contingencias para garantizar la continuidad de las funciones esenciales de inmigración, en particular cuando los modelos de financiación basados en tasas pueden proporcionar cierta resistencia, pero no son inmunes a las interrupciones causadas por los cierres prolongados del gobierno.

La incapacidad para tramitar los LCA influiría directamente en la capacidad de los empleadores para tramitar las peticiones H-1B, H-1B1 y E-3. Además, si se produce un cierre del gobierno, es muy probable que E-Verify, el sistema que los empleadores utilizan para confirmar la elegibilidad de empleo, no esté operativo.

En consecuencia, los empleadores podrían iniciar, abordar o cumplir los plazos necesarios dentro del sistema una vez que se restablezca tras la reanudación de las operaciones del gobierno. Es esencial subrayar que los empleadores seguirán estando obligados a realizar las verificaciones I-9 sin exenciones ni excepciones, incluso sin la funcionalidad de E-Verify.

En resumen, un cierre del gobierno de EE.UU. puede prolongar la duración de la tramitación de diversos asuntos relacionados con la inmigración. Las principales repercusiones, en particular para los empleadores estadounidenses que contratan a trabajadores extranjeros, abarcan:

  • La incapacidad de los empleadores de conseguir LCA aprobadas para peticiones H-1B, H-1B1 y E-3.


  • La incapacidad del Departamento de Trabajo para tramitar las solicitudes de certificación laboral PERM y determinar los salarios vigentes.

  • El posible obstáculo para las personas que deseen solicitar visados de negocios y de empleo para entrar en Estados Unidos.


Como se mencionó anteriormente, un cierre no es el escenario más probable, pero teniendo en cuenta la situación actual con las personas migrantes, es probable que sea una opción que se ejecute. Seremos los primeros en informarles de cualquier novedad que se produzca en esta situación.

Este blog no pretende ser asesoramiento jurídico y nada de lo aquí expuesto debe interpretarse como el establecimiento de una relación abogado-cliente. Por favor, programe una consulta con un abogado de inmigración antes de actuar sobre cualquier información leída aquí.

Flavia Lloyd

By Juliana LaMendola February 20, 2025
On January 20, 2025, President Donald Trump signed an Executive Order imposing new restrictions on migrants, including limitations on asylum and humanitarian protections. The order directs the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to terminate all categorical parole programs that conflict with U.S. policies , which includes parole processes for Cuban, Haitian, Nicaraguan, and Venezuelan nationals. Additionally, this provision could impact parole programs for individuals from Afghanistan, Ukraine, and other countries. Beyond restricting parole, the executive order introduces several border security measures , including building more physical barriers, increasing the number of border personnel, and stopping the use of the CBP One mobile application . The order specifically directs the Department of Defense (DOD) and DHS to build more border walls to establish what it calls “complete operational control” of the southern border. Additionally, it ordered the immediate shutdown of the CBP One mobile app, which previously allowed asylum seekers to schedule appointments at U.S. Ports of Entry. As a result, all existing appointments have been canceled immediately . The order also initiates the reinstatement of the “Remain in Mexico” program , also known as the Migrant Protection Protocols (MPP) , across all sectors of the southern border. Under MPP, asylum seekers must remain in Mexico while awaiting the outcome of their U.S. immigration court proceedings, significantly altering the process for those seeking refuge in the country. These measures reinforce the Trump administration's broader effort to restrict asylum and humanitarian protections at the U.S. border . If you or someone you know may be affected by this executive order, it is essential to stay informed and understand your legal rights. Consulting with an immigration attorney can help navigate these evolving policies and ensure the best course of action moving forward.
By Shirin Navabi February 13, 2025
The E-2 Visa is a non-immigrant visa that allows foreign investors from treaty countries to live and work in the United States by starting or purchasing a business. Unlike other visa categories, it does not require a fixed minimum investment amount. Instead, applicants must demonstrate that their investment is substantial and sufficient to ensure the success of their business. The visa is renewable indefinitely as long as the business remains active and meets the necessary criteria, making it an attractive option for entrepreneurs seeking long-term opportunities in the U.S. One of its key advantages is flexibility. Investors can establish a new business, acquire an existing one, or enter into franchise opportunities. Additionally, spouses and children under 21 can accompany the primary applicant, with spouses eligible to apply for work authorization. This makes the E-2 Visa a practical option for business-minded individuals looking to establish themselves in the U.S. market. While the E-2 Visa itself has remained a stable option, shifts in U.S. immigration policies have influenced the application process and overall investor experience. Understanding these changes is essential for anyone considering this pathway. Policy Shifts and the E-2 Visa: Lessons from the Past During the first Trump administration (2017–2021), U.S. immigration policies became more restrictive across multiple visa categories. Although the E-2 program was not directly limited, broader changes had an impact. The "Buy American, Hire American" Executive Order, signed in 2017, led to heightened scrutiny of visa applications, requiring investors to provide stronger evidence that their business would create jobs and contribute to the U.S. economy. This resulted in an increase in Requests for Evidence (RFEs) and denials for those unable to meet these expectations. Another significant change was the suspension of the Interview Waiver Program, which meant all E-2 applicants, including renewals, had to attend in-person interviews at U.S. embassies. This extended processing times and increased scrutiny of applications. Additionally, visa reciprocity agreements were reviewed and adjusted, impacting validity periods and costs for certain countries. For instance, Iranian citizens were deemed ineligible for the E-2 Visa due to the termination of the treaty. These adjustments significantly affected investors from impacted nations, increasing their costs and renewal frequency. Despite these policy shifts, the approval rate for E-2 visas remained relatively stable. According to data from the U.S. Department of State, there were over 43,000 approvals in 2019, reflecting the program’s continued viability. Even in 2020, when the COVID-19 pandemic caused global disruptions, approval numbers remained significant. These figures highlight that while the process became more rigorous, well-prepared investors continued to secure visas by demonstrating strong business plans, substantial investments, and clear economic contributions. What to Expect Moving Forward As the new Trump administration takes shape, further immigration policy changes are likely. While it is too soon to predict the exact impact on the E-2 Visa, past trends suggest increased scrutiny. However, the program itself has remained intact across multiple administrations, reinforcing its reliability for foreign entrepreneurs. Those considering this visa should stay informed and ensure their applications meet evolving requirements. A well-prepared investment strategy, clear documentation, and a defined job creation plan can make a significant difference in navigating any potential policy shifts. Why the E-2 Visa Remains a Strong Choice The E-2 Visa continues to be a resilient and valuable option for foreign entrepreneurs. Even during periods of policy change, approval rates have remained strong for investors with well-structured applications. The ability to renew indefinitely, combined with its flexibility in investment size and business type, makes it one of the most attractive pathways for international investors. With the right preparation, investors can confidently pursue the E-2 Visa, knowing that history has shown its stability even amid shifting political landscapes. By staying ahead of policy changes and ensuring a solid business strategy, entrepreneurs can take advantage of the opportunities the U.S. market has to offer. If you are ready to take the next step toward launching your business in the U.S., you can contact our office for expert guidance and personalized assistance with your application.
By Kris Quadros-Ragar February 6, 2025
On January 29, 2025, President Trump signed the Laken Riley Act into law, significantly altering how immigration policies are enforced in the United States. This legislation grants State attorneys general and other authorized officials unprecedented authority to interpret and implement federal immigration policies. It also empowers them to take legal action against the federal government if they believe federal immigration enforcement negatively impacts their state. With this new authority, states now play a direct role in shaping immigration outcomes—a responsibility traditionally held by the federal government. One of the most immediate effects of the Laken Riley Act is that it allows states to seek injunctive relief to block the issuance of visas to nationals of countries that refuse or unreasonably delay the acceptance of their citizens who have been ordered removed from the United States . This means that if a country does not cooperate with U.S. deportation efforts, its nationals—regardless of their legal status—could face significant difficulties obtaining or renewing visas. As a result, foreign nationals from these countries may encounter increased uncertainty when traveling internationally or securing work authorization in the U.S. Beyond visa processing, the law introduces a new level of unpredictability into the immigration system. By allowing state attorneys general to intervene in federal procedures, and immigration policies that may now vary based on state-level decisions. In the coming months, it remains to be seen how individual states will wield this power—whether they will actively seek to block visa issuance or push for broader immigration enforcement measures. For foreign nationals and employers, staying informed about which countries are deemed “uncooperative” is now more important than ever. Those needing visa renewals or planning international travel should prepare for potential delays and seek professional guidance to navigate these uncertainties. The Laken Riley Act also mandates federal immigration authorities to detain and deport individuals without legal status who are charged with certain offenses, including minor theft or shoplifting, assaulting a law enforcement officer, and crimes resulting in death or serious bodily injury. This provision underscores a stricter approach to immigration enforcement, affecting individuals accused of both minor and serious offenses. With immigration policies now subject to a new layer of state involvement, it is more important than ever to stay informed and prepared for potential challenges. If you have concerns about how the Laken Riley Act may affect your immigration status or business, contact Santos Lloyd Law Firm for strategic counsel tailored to your needs.
Show More
Share by:
WhatsApp Live Chat
WhatsApp Logo

Contact Us

×
Hello! How can we help you?