Action positive de l'État en matière d'immigration
Kyle Huffman • November 10, 2023
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Ces derniers mois, une grande partie de la conversation publique et de la couverture médiatique autour de l'immigration a été largement négative. La Floride, en particulier, a dominé le cycle de l'information sur l'immigration avec l'adoption et la mise en œuvre de la loi SB 1718, qui, entre autres choses, a renforcé le pouvoir des forces de l'ordre de l'État d'appliquer les lois fédérales sur l'immigration.
Bien que l'accent ait été mis sur les développements négatifs, d'autres États ont fait de grands progrès pour améliorer le système d'immigration. Il est important de souligner ces initiatives.
Deux États ont récemment fait des efforts pour améliorer l'accès à l'éducation des résidents immigrés. L'un de ces États est le Minnesota, qui a introduit le projet de loi HF 2073. Le projet de loi est actuellement en cours d'examen, mais s'il est adopté, il fournira des fonds supplémentaires aux collèges et universités de l'État du Minnesota et modifiera les programmes de subventions existants. Ces changements comprennent une aide accrue aux frais de scolarité pour les familles à faibles revenus, indépendamment du statut d'immigrant, ce qui permettra à de nombreuses personnes qui ne pouvaient auparavant pas accéder à ces avantages en raison de leur statut d'immigrant, de bénéficier d'une aide aux frais de scolarité. De même, la Chambre des représentants de l'État de l'Utah a adopté la loi HB 102, qui étend l'application des taux de scolarité dans les universités de l'Utah aux réfugiés, aux asilés et aux personnes en liberté conditionnelle pour des raisons humanitaires. Ces changements devraient réduire considérablement les frais de scolarité de ces groupes dans l'enseignement supérieur, permettant ainsi à ces personnes d'améliorer leur propre éducation et d'acquérir des connaissances et des compétences utilisables sur le marché du travail.
Outre l'amélioration de l'accès à l'enseignement supérieur, plusieurs États se tournent vers la réforme de l'immigration pour combler les lacunes du marché du travail. Par exemple, le Maryland a supprimé l'obligation de résidence permanente pour l'obtention d'une licence, ce qui permet aux résidents non immigrants qualifiés de pratiquer la médecine et, en fin de compte, de contribuer à atténuer la pénurie de main-d'œuvre dans le domaine des soins médicaux. De même, le Tennessee a adopté la loi SB 1451, qui facilite le processus d'obtention d'une licence médicale américaine pour les professionnels qui ont été éduqués et formés dans d'autres pays et sous d'autres systèmes. L'Arizona, quant à lui, a adopté le SB 1563, qui crée une nouvelle commission chargée d'étudier les obstacles inutiles à l'entrée sur le marché du travail auxquels sont confrontés les nouveaux Américains, dans le but de faciliter l'entrée sur le marché du travail et, en fin de compte, d'apporter une contribution importante à l'économie nationale.
En l'absence d'une réforme globale et radicale de l'immigration au niveau fédéral, nous constatons une tendance croissante des États à prendre des mesures dans ce domaine du droit, traditionnellement dominé par la politique et l'application fédérales. Nous continuerons à suivre l'évolution de la situation État par État, en première ligne de la réforme de l'immigration.
Si vous avez des questions sur ce que cela signifie pour vous, n'hésitez pas à prendre rendez-vous avec l'un de nos avocats expérimentés.
Nous nous ferons un plaisir de travailler avec vous.
Ce blog n'est pas destiné à fournir des conseils juridiques et rien ici ne doit être interprété comme établissant une relation avocat-client. Veuillez prendre rendez-vous avec un avocat spécialisé en droit de l'immigration avant d'agir sur la base de toute information lue ici.
On September 14, 2026, the U.S. District Court for the District of Massachusetts issued a nationwide preliminary injunction in Presidents' Alliance on Higher Education and Immigration v. U.S. Department of Homeland Security , halting the implementation of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) final rule that was scheduled to eliminate “duration of status” (D/S) on September 15, 2026. As a result of this nationwide order, DHS is blocked from enforcing fixed periods of admission for F-1 students, J-1 exchange visitors, and I media representatives while the litigation moves forward. Because the current “duration of status” framework remains in full effect, F, J, and I visa holders are not required to file Form I-539 extension of stay applications to remain in valid status beyond program end dates at this time. Furthermore, restrictions on academic transfers, constraints on enrolling in second programs at the same degree level, 240-day caps on continued employment while extensions are pending, and shortened grace periods do not apply during the injunction. F-1 nonimmigrants retain the full 60-day post-completion grace period, and J-1 holders maintain their 30-day grace period. However, please note that this preliminary injunction is not a final ruling invalidating the rule , and a status conference is scheduled for October 2, 2026, to determine next steps in the litigation. Immediate Practice Tips: Inspect I-94 Travel Records Upon Reentry: F, J, and I visa holders currently admitted under D/S retain their status and should continue to be readmitted under D/S following international travel until the injunction is lifted. However, because the I-94 record controls legal stay, travelers must inspect their CBP-issued Form I-94 immediately upon reentry to confirm the "Admit Until Date" states "D/S" rather than a specific expiration date. If a specific date is mistakenly recorded, contact a local CPB Deferred Inspection Site. Notify HR and Review Workplace Compliance: Employers sponsoring F-1 or J-1 employees should inform HR and hiring managers that the September 15 fixed-period rule is postponed and standard D/S rules govern. This development does not alter standard filing windows or Form I-9 verification procedures for post-completion OPT or STEM OPT extensions. Maintain Operational Readiness and Defer Unnecessary Filings: Visa holders and employers should defer travel or filing strategy decisions made solely in anticipation of the fixed-admission rule. Because DHS may appeal or the court could alter the timeline on short notice, institutions and visa holders should maintain readiness to adjust plans if implementation resumes. There are many evolving components to this litigation. If you are an F-1, J-1, or I visa holder, sponsoring institution, or employer, you should proactively coordinate with your international student office and legal counsel to protect your status and monitor upcoming court proceedings.
The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) published its final rule eliminating the longstanding "duration of status" (D/S) policy for F, J, and I visa holders, replacing it with a fixed period of admission effective September 15, 2026. This rule requires that those who need additional time to complete their programs must file Form I-539 with USCIS or travel abroad and seek to reenter to extend their authorized period of stay. F and J visa holders present in the U.S. and in valid status on September 15, 2026, will be allowed to remain in the United States until the Program End Date listed on their current Form I-20 (for F-1s) or Form DS-2019 (for J-1s), up to a maximum of four years (until September 15, 2030) plus a 60-day grace period for F-1s and a 30-day grace period for J-1s, without filing an Extension of Status request with USCIS. However, this safety net only applies while staying in the U.S.; international travel and subsequent reentry after September 15, 2026 will result in readmission under the new rule with an I-94 that expires on the Program End Date or Employment Authorization Document (EAD) expiration, but no later than four-years after their date of re-entry. Additionally, once re-admitted under the new rules, F-1s will only receive a 30-day grace period. Immediate Practice Tips: Any F-1 or J-1 nonimmigrant currently in the U.S. who plans to change programs, start a new degree level, or needs more time to complete their studies must work with their school or program sponsor to update their SEVIS record and receive an extended Form I-20 or DS-2019 before September 15, 2026. Eligible F-1 students should submit their post-completion OPT or STEM OPT work authorization applications (Form I-765) before September 15, 2026, to secure their status and drastically reduce the likelihood of needing a Form I-539 extension application. Any F-1 student who is eligible to apply for OPT or STEM OPT before March 18, 2027, should do so as soon as they are eligible to file their Form I-765. Since F-1s can file OPT applications up to 90 days in advance of graduation, F-1 students graduating before June 15,2027, should be able to file their OPT applications before March 18, 2027, and should do so to avoid also having to file Form I-539 to extend their stay. Thus, most F-1 students graduating in December 2026 and May/June 2027 should be able to take advantage of the transition rule’s delay in having to file Form I-539 applications and should only need to file Form I-765 to apply for OPT. Incoming F-1 and J-1 students who can enter the United States before the September 15, 2026 effective date (within the permissible 30-day window prior to their program start) should do so to benefit from the transition rules, including the full 60-day F-1 grace period and deferred extension requirements. Students (F-1 and J-1) who are planning international travel should return before the effective date if possible to preserve their transition benefits. There are many parts of the rule that are not discussed here. If you are currently an F-1 or J-1 visa holder, you should proactively coordinate with your institutions and international office to protect your status and stay informed.
U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) has released updated policy guidance detailing how officers will evaluate "public charge" inadmissibility for individuals applying for green cards through adjustment of status. This update follows a Department of Homeland Security (DHS) final rule that rescinds the 2022 public charge regulations. The new policy takes effect on September 18, 2026 , and applies to all green card applications (Form I-485) postmarked or submitted on or after that date. Who Is Subject to the Public Charge Rule? Most family-based and employment-based green card applicants will be subject to the public charge ground of inadmissibility. This includes spouses, children, and parents of U.S. citizens or legal permanent residents, as well as most employment visa preference categories, investors, and diversity visa applicants. Certain categories remain explicitly exempt under immigration law. These include: Asylees and refugees Victims of human trafficking (T visa) or crime (U visa) Violence Against Women Act (VAWA) self-petitioners Special Immigrant Juveniles Temporary Protected Status (TPS) applicants Certain military-related applicants and other designated humanitarian groups How USCIS Will Make Determinations USCIS officers will evaluate whether an applicant is likely to become a public charge by reviewing the totality of their circumstances on a case-by-case basis. Key factors include: Five Statutory Factors: Age, health, family status, assets/financial resources, and education or skills. Affidavit of Support: Submission of Form I-864 executed by a sponsor. Use of Public Benefits: USCIS will look at means-tested public benefits, such as cash assistance for income maintenance, housing assistance, food stamps (SNAP), or college financial aid. Note on timing: For benefits received before September 18, 2026, USCIS will only consider public cash assistance for income maintenance and long-term institutionalization at government expense. For benefits received on or after September 18, 2026, the broader consideration of all listed means-tested benefits will apply. Public Charge Bonds If an officer determines that an applicant is inadmissible solely on public charge grounds, USCIS may issue a Notice of Intent to Deny that invites the applicant to post a public charge bond using Form I-945. If an invited applicant successfully posts the required cash or surety bond, USCIS may approve the application for permanent residence. Public charge bonds can only be submitted if explicitly invited by USCIS. Santos Lloyd Law Firm will continue to monitor immigration developments closely and provide updates as further implementation details are released. For more information, please access: https://www.uscis.gov/newsroom/alerts/uscis-issues-guidance-on-making-public-charge-inadmissibility-determination
